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Khalid Mahmud Arif
General Khalid Mahmud Arif ((ウルドゥー語:خالد محمود عارف); born 1930; popularly known as ''General K.M. Arif''), was a senior four-star ranking general officer who served as the vice chief of army staff of Pakistan Army under the scrutiny of President General Zia-ul-Haq. Working as the principal military adviser to Zia's military government in the capacity of Chief of Staff, Arif rose to become Zia's closest collaborator and confidant who worked closely on matters of national security, overseeing and handling major civil-military issues directly involving the country's internal and foreign security.
Preceded by Lieutenant-General Syed Refaqat as chief of staff until General Zia-ul-Haq's death in the 1988 plane crash, Arif reached a four-star rank and commanded the Pakistan Army as its designated vice chief of army staff in place of General Sawar Khan who was due for retirement, in March 1984. He held on to this post for three years, after which he was himself replaced by General Mirza Aslam Beg in March 1987.
==Early Life and education==
Arif was born in East Punjab and was a refugee from eastern Punjab who immigrated to West-Pakistan after independence in 1947.〔Pakistan under Zia, 1977-1988 By Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (Oct., 1988), pp. 1082-1100〕 After passing the ISSB, Arif joined PMA as a cadet, and two and a half years later, in 1948, he was commissioned into the Pakistan Army Armoured Corps, and was selected for further training in the United States. In 1950, Arif graduated from the United States Army Armor School at Fort Knox. Throughout the 1950s, Arif attended the joint service course at the Command and Staff College, and held the staff assignments in the Army.
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